SuperTokens

SuperTokens is an open source authentication solution which provides many stratergies for authenticating and managing users. You can use the managed service for easy setup or you can self host the solution to have complete control over your data.

With SuperTokens, Supabase can be used to store and authorize access to user data. Supabase makes it simple to setup Row Level Security(RLS) policies which ensure users can only read and write data that belongs to them.

Documentation

In this guide we will build a simple web application using SuperTokens, Supabase, and Next.js. You will be able to sign up using SuperTokens and your email and user ID will be stored in Supabase. Once authenticated the frontend will be able to query Supabase and retrieve the user's email. Our example app will be using the Email-Password and Social Login recipe for authentication and session management.

We will use Supabase to store and authorize access to user data. Supabase makes it simple to setup Row Level Security(RLS) policies which ensure users can only read and write data that belongs to them.

Demo App

You can find a demo app using SuperTokens, Supabase and Nexts.js on Github

Step 1: Create a new Supabase project

From your Supabase dashboard, click New project.

Enter a Name for your Supabase project.

Enter a secure Database Password.

Select the same Region you host your app's backend in.

Click Create new project.

New Supabase project settings

Step 2: Creating tables in Supabase

From the sidebar menu in the Supabase dashboard, click Table editor, then New table.

Enter users as the Name field.

Select Enable Row Level Security (RLS).

Remove the default columns

Create two new columns:

user_id as text as primary key
email as text

Click Save to create the new table.

Users table

Step 3: Setup your Next.js App with SuperTokens.

Since the scope of this guide is limited to the integration between SuperTokens and Supabase, you can refer to the SuperTokens website to see how to setup your Next.js app with SuperTokens.

Once you finish setting up your app, you will be greeted with the following screen

SuperTokens Auth Screen

Step 4: Creating a Supabase JWT to access Supabase

In our Nextjs app when a user signs up, we want to store the user's email in Supabase. We would then retrieve this email from Supabase and display it on our frontend.

To use the Supabase client to query the database we will need to create a JWT signed with your Supabase app's signing secret. This JWT will also need to contain the user's userId so Supabase knows an authenticated user is making the request.

To create this flow we will need to modify SuperTokens so that, when a user signs up or signs in, a JWT signed with Supabase's signing secret is created and attached to the user's session. Attaching the JWT to the user's session will allow us to retrieve the Supabase JWT on the frontend and backend (post session verification), using which we can query Supabase.

We want to create a Supabase JWT when we are creating a SuperTokens' session. This can be done by overriding the createNewSession function in your backend config.

// config/backendConfig.ts

import ThirdPartyEmailPasswordNode from "supertokens-node/recipe/thirdpartyemailpassword";
import SessionNode from "supertokens-node/recipe/session";
import { TypeInput } from "supertokens-node/lib/build/types";
import { appInfo } from "./appInfo";
import jwt from "jsonwebtoken";

let backendConfig = (): TypeInput => {
    return {
        framework: "express",
        supertokens: {
            connectionURI: "https://try.supertokens.com",
        },
        appInfo,
        recipeList: [
            ThirdPartyEmailPasswordNode.init({...}),
            SessionNode.init({
                override: {
                    functions: (originalImplementation) => {
                        return {
                            ...originalImplementation,
                            // We want to create a JWT which contains the users userId signed with Supabase's secret so
                            // it can be used by Supabase to validate the user when retrieving user data from their service.
                            // We store this token in the accessTokenPayload so it can be accessed on the frontend and on the backend.
                            createNewSession: async function (input) {
                                const payload = {
                                    userId: input.userId,
                                    exp: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + 60 * 60,
                                };

                                const supabase_jwt_token = jwt.sign(payload, process.env.SUPABASE_SIGNING_SECRET);

                                input.accessTokenPayload = {
                                    ...input.accessTokenPayload,
                                    supabase_token: supabase_jwt_token,
                                };

                                return await originalImplementation.createNewSession(input);
                            },
                        };
                    },
                },
            }),
        ],
        isInServerlessEnv: true,
    };
};

As seen above, we will be using the jsonwebtoken library to create a JWT signed with Supabase's signing secret whose payload contains the user's userId.

We will be storing this token in the accessTokenPayload which will essentially allow us to access the supabase_token on the frontend and backend whilst the user is logged in.

Step 5: Creating a Supabase client

Create a new file called utils/supabase.ts and add the following:

// utils/supabase.ts

import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js'

const getSupabase = (access_token) => {
  const supabase = createClient(
    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL,
    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_KEY
  )

  supabase.auth.session = () => ({
    access_token,
  })

  return supabase
}

export { getSupabase }

This will be our client for talking to Supabase. We can pass it an access_token and it will be attached to our request. This access_token is the same as the supabase_token we had created earlier.

Step 6: Inserting users into Supabase when they sign up:

In our example app there are two ways for signing up a user. Email-Password and Social Login based authentication. We will need to override both these APIs such that when a user signs up, their email mapped to their userId is stored in Supabase.

// config/backendConfig.ts

import ThirdPartyEmailPasswordNode from "supertokens-node/recipe/thirdpartyemailpassword";
import SessionNode from "supertokens-node/recipe/session";
import { TypeInput } from "supertokens-node/lib/build/types";
import { appInfo } from "./appInfo";
import jwt from "jsonwebtoken";
import { getSupabase } from "../utils/supabase";

let backendConfig = (): TypeInput => {
    return {
        framework: "express",
        supertokens: {
            connectionURI: "https://try.supertokens.com",
        },
        appInfo,
        recipeList: [
            ThirdPartyEmailPasswordNode.init({
                providers: [...],
                override: {
                    apis: (originalImplementation) => {
                        return {
                            ...originalImplementation,
                            // the thirdPartySignInUpPost function handles sign up/in via Social login
                            thirdPartySignInUpPOST: async function (input) {
                                if (originalImplementation.thirdPartySignInUpPOST === undefined) {
                                    throw Error("Should never come here");
                                }

                                // call the sign up/in api for social login
                                let response = await originalImplementation.thirdPartySignInUpPOST(input);

                                // check that there is no issue with sign up and that a new user is created
                                if (response.status === "OK" && response.createdNewUser) {

                                    // retrieve the accessTokenPayload from the user's session
                                    const accessTokenPayload = response.session.getAccessTokenPayload();

                                    // create a supabase client with the supabase_token from the accessTokenPayload
                                    const supabase = getSupabase(accessTokenPayload.supabase_token);

                                    // store the user's email mapped to their userId in Supabase
                                    const { error } = await supabase
                                        .from("users")
                                        .insert({ email: response.user.email, user_id: response.user.id });

                                    if (error !== null) {

                                        throw error;
                                    }
                                }

                                return response;
                            },
                            // the emailPasswordSignUpPOST function handles sign up via Email-Password
                            emailPasswordSignUpPOST: async function (input) {
                                if (originalImplementation.emailPasswordSignUpPOST === undefined) {
                                    throw Error("Should never come here");
                                }

                                let response = await originalImplementation.emailPasswordSignUpPOST(input);

                                if (response.status === "OK") {

                                    // retrieve the accessTokenPayload from the user's session
                                    const accessTokenPayload = response.session.getAccessTokenPayload();

                                    // create a supabase client with the supabase_token from the accessTokenPayload
                                    const supabase = getSupabase(accessTokenPayload.supabase_token);

                                    // store the user's email mapped to their userId in Supabase
                                    const { error } = await supabase
                                        .from("users")
                                        .insert({ email: response.user.email, user_id: response.user.id });

                                    if (error !== null) {

                                        throw error;
                                    }
                                }

                                return response;
                            },
                        };
                    },
                },
            }),
            SessionNode.init({...}),
        ],
        isInServerlessEnv: true,
    };
};

As seen above, we will be overriding the emailPasswordSignUpPOST and thirdPartySignInUpPOST APIs such that if a user signs up, we retrieve the Supabase JWT (which we created in the createNewSession function) from the user's accessTokenPayload and send a request to Supabase to insert the email-userid mapping.

Step 7: Retrieving the user's email on the frontend

Now that our backend is setup we can modify our frontend to retrieve the user's email from Supabase.

// pages/index.tsx

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react'
import Head from 'next/head'
import styles from '../styles/Home.module.css'
import ThirdPartyEmailPassword, {
  ThirdPartyEmailPasswordAuth,
} from 'supertokens-auth-react/recipe/thirdpartyemailpassword'
import dynamic from 'next/dynamic'
import { useSessionContext } from 'supertokens-auth-react/recipe/session'
import { getSupabase } from '../utils/supabase'

export default function Home() {
  return (
    // We will wrap the ProtectedPage component with ThirdPartyEmailPasswordAuth so only an
    // authenticated user can access it. This will also allow us to access the users session information
    // within the component.
    <ThirdPartyEmailPasswordAuth>
      <ProtectedPage />
    </ThirdPartyEmailPasswordAuth>
  )
}

function ProtectedPage() {
  // retrieve the authenticated user's accessTokenPayload and userId from the sessionContext
  const { accessTokenPayload, userId } = useSessionContext()

  if (sessionContext.loading === true) {
    return null
  }

  const [userEmail, setEmail] = useState('')
  useEffect(() => {
    async function getUserEmail() {
      // retrieve the supabase client who's JWT contains users userId, this will be
      // used by supabase to check that the user can only access table entries which contain their own userId
      const supabase = getSupabase(accessTokenPayload.supabase_token)

      // retrieve the user's name from the users table whose email matches the email in the JWT
      const { data } = await supabase.from('users').select('email').eq('user_id', userId)

      if (data.length > 0) {
        setEmail(data[0].email)
      }
    }
    getUserEmail()
  }, [])

  return (
    <div className={styles.container}>
      <Head>
        <title>SuperTokens 💫</title>
        <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
      </Head>

      <main className={styles.main}>
        <p className={styles.description}>
          You are authenticated with SuperTokens! (UserId: {userId})
          <br />
          Your email retrieved from Supabase: {userEmail}
        </p>
      </main>
    </div>
  )
}

As seen above we will be using SuperTokens useSessionContext hook to retrieve the authenticated user's userId and accessTokenPayload. Using React's useEffect hook we can use the Supabase client to retrieve the user's email from Supabase using the JWT retrieved from the user's accessTokenPayload and their userId.

Step 8: Create Policies to enforce Row Level Security for Select and Insert requests

To enforce Row Level Security for the Users table we will need to create policies for Select and Insert requests.

These polices will retrieve the userId from the JWT and check if it matches the userId in the Supabase table

To do this we will need a PostgreSQL function to extract the userId from the JWT.

The payload in the JWT will have the following structure:

// JWT payload
{
    userId,
    exp
}

To create the PostgreSQL function, lets navigate back to the Supabase dashboard, select SQL from the sidebar menu, and click New query. This will create a new query called new sql snippet, which will allow us to run any SQL against our Postgres database.

Write the following and click Run.

create or replace function auth.user_id() returns text as $$
  select nullif(current_setting('request.jwt.claims', true)::json->>'userId', '')::text;
$$ language sql stable;

This will create a function called auth.user_id(), which will inspect the userId field of our JWT payload.

SELECT query policy

Our first policy will check whether the user is the owner of the email.

Select Authentication from the Supabase sidebar menu, click Policies, and then New Policy on the Users table.

Create new policy

From the modal, select Create a policy from scratch and add the following.

Policy settings for SELECT

This policy is calling the PostgreSQL function we just created to get the currently logged in user's ID auth.user_id() and checking whether this matches the user_id column for the current email. If it does, then it will allow the user to select it, otherwise it will continue to deny.

Click Review and then Save policy.

INSERT query policy

Our second policy will check whether the user_id being inserted is the same as the userId in the JWT.

Create another policy and add the following:

Policy settings for INSERT

Similar to the previous policy we are calling the PostgreSQL function we created to get the currently logged in user's ID auth.user_id() and check whether this matches the user_id column for the row we are trying to insert. If it does, then it will allow the user to insert the row, otherwise it will continue to deny.

Click Review and then Save policy.

Step 9: Test your changes

You can now sign up and you should see the following screen:

SuperTokens App Authenticated

If you navigate to your table you should see a new row with the user's user_id and email.

Supabase Users table

Overview